Here is what I consider to be "Just barely enough UNIX" to do work in the course. These instructions will be explained as you need them, so you do not need to memorize them.

• List files in current directory
  
  

  ls	:	list all files by name only
  ls -alsg	:	list all files by name, date, protection, etc.
  ls -d */	:	list all sub-directories only
  ll	:	same as ls -alsg without hidden files on HP-UX systems such as Gaia
  ll -al	:	list even hidden files

  
  
  
• Change Current Directory
  
  

  cd <directory name>	:	change directory to new <directory name>
  chdir <sub-directory>	:	change to the directory under the working directory
  cd ..	:	change directory up one level (space between cd and ..)
  cd	:	return to home directory (top level)
  pwd	:	displays the current directory path

  
  
  
• Make a New directory
  
  

  mkdir <name>

  :

  makes a new directory under the working directory

  
  
  
• Move a file
  
  

  mv <filename> <path-to-the-newplace>

  :

  moves the available file named <filename> under the working directory to the location specified. The file will exist only at the new location.

  
  
  
• Help
  
  

  man <command>

  :

  you must know the exact name of the command ; e.g. man ls

  
  
  
• Print file to the main line printer in room ECS 2011
  
  

  lp -d<queue name> <filename>

  e.g. lp -printername memo.txt (Only works on Gaia)

  
  
  
• Display contents of a file
  
  

  more <filename>

  :

  Print to the screen; e.g. more memo.txt This will display the file memo.txt on the screen one page at a time Also, tail -10 memo.txt - Displays the last 10 lines of memo.txt And, head -10 memo.txt - Displays the first 10 lines of memo.txt

  
  
  
• Delete files
  
  

  rm <filename>

  :

  Will delete the file (DOES not give you a second chance!) And, rm *.gif ; Remove all files with extension .gif And rm *.* ; Removes everything in current directory (Be VERY careful with this command)

  
  
  
• Change your password
  
  

  yppasswd

  (Reply to each prompt accordingly)

  
  
  
• Diplay users logged-in at this time
  
  

  w OR who OR rwho

  
  
  
• The pipe (|) command will allow you to combine commands
  
  

  <command> | <command>

  e.g. ls -al | more This will list a directory one page at a time

  
  
  
• Logout
  
  

  lo OR logout OR bye

  
  
  
• Change File Permission
  
  

  chmod <nnn> <filename>

  : each n= an octal digit where: 0 = none, 7 = rwx, 6 = rw-, 5 = r-x, 4 = r--. This is tricky and will be discussed in lecture when you need the command.

  
  
  
• JUST FOR FUN
  
  

  * ping <site address>	e.g. ping oak.oakland.edu Use Ctrl-C to hold the screen to read.
  * traceroute <site address>	e.g. traceroute oak.oakland.edu

  
  
  
• Commands that are useful when using FTP
  
  

  cd <directory_name>	:	Change directory to <directory_name>
  ascii	:	For transferring ascii files
  binary	:	For transferring binary files
  dir	:	Full file directory
  ls	:	Short file directory
  dir |more	:	List files and directories one page at a time
  quit	:	exit ftp
  cd ..	:	back up one level in file structure
  get <filename>	:	downloads file
  get <filename> |more	:	lists contents of files on the screen one page at a time
  dir *.txt	:	lists all files that end with .txt
  dir README.*	:	lists all files that begin with README.
  !	:	temporarily leave the ftp site and return to your local system -- to return to ftp, enter "exit"

  
  
  

FILE AND DIRECTORY PROTECTION

File privileges are:
r for read ; w for write ; x for execute

For example: ?rwxrwxrwx The first column will be: d for directory, - for text file, or l for link to other file.

The first rwx indicates the owner privileges. The second rwx indicates the group privileges. The last rwx indicates the other user privileges (you and me when we are doing anonymous FTP)